Weight Loss Medications – Are they right for you?

Chances are, whether you are trying to lose weight or not, you have heard about GLP-1 medications. In the news, in countless ads on television, on social media and probably even in conversations with friends and family. They seem like an “easy” way to lose weight without putting in any of the work.

However, there’s more to GLP-1 medications than you might think. To get the best results, it’s important to understand what they are, how they work, who they are intended for, and how to use them effectively.

What are GLP-1 medications?

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists are a class of medications that were originally developed to treat Type 2 diabetes. As these drugs became more widely prescribed and used, it was discovered that one of the side effects was a reduction in hunger. This has made them highly effective for weight loss.

How do GLP-1 medications work in the body?

GLP-1s work with your body’s natural functions including the brain and gastrointestinal system to help you lose weight by:

Reducing your appetite — You eat less without feeling deprived.
Increasing satiety — It slows digestion so your stomach empties more slowly and you feel fuller for longer periods of time.
Controlling blood sugar levels which reduces cravings.
Improving insulin function — Your body burns fat more efficiently.

“This class of drugs mimic a natural hormone in your body (GLP-1) that gets secreted by the cells in your GI tract. They also cross the blood brain barrier and work on your brain cells to make you feel satiated and less hungry. They work so well that you can walk by your favorite food and not have a strong desire to eat it.”

Pratibha Vemulapalli, MD, FACS, Chief of Surgery at Good Samaritan University Hospital, General and Bariatric Surgery

Who are the candidates for GLP-1 medications?

The FDA has approved for GLP-1 medications for treating type 2 diabetes and for chronic weight management for patients who meet a specific criteria. They include:

People with obesity - BMI of 30 or higher
People with a BMI of 27 or higher with additional health issues including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep apnea or diabetes

In certain cases, GLP-1 medications may be prescribed to obese patients to help them lose weight so they may safely qualify for bariatric surgery. In other cases, patients may have had weight loss surgery in the past and need assistance losing weight to address additional health concerns.

Consult with your health care provider if you are interested in seeking weight loss assistance from medication. Your doctor will review your full health history, including past and current medical conditions, your family history, any medications you may be taking, and previous weight loss attempts.

All these factors will help to determine if a GLP-1 medication is right for you. Interested in learning about safe and effective weight loss options? Take our Weight Loss Assessment.

What are the side effects GLP-1 medications?

GLP-1 medications are considered safe when prescribed and monitored by a health care provider. As with most medications, there are potential side effects that may include:

Gastrointestinal symptoms - Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Constipation
Dizziness
Headaches
Acid Reflux

Although rare, other serious side effects may also occur. Speak with your physician about any concerns that you may have about the risks and side effects as they can vary for each individual.

How are GLP-1 medications administered?

Most medications are given by injection but there is a newer option available in an oral pill form. Dr. Vemulapalli added, “While there is a pill version, I lean towards prescribing the injectable version because it has proven to be effective. One injection a week versus taking a daily pill seems to be much more convenient for most patients.”

What is the typical timeline for seeing results with weight loss?

Metabolic rates differ for each person, which can impact how quickly your body responds to the medication, so the speed at which a GLP-1 drugs start working can vary from person to person.

However, many people experience noticeable changes within a relatively short timeframe. You may notice changes in your appetite and weight during the first few weeks of use. Consistent weight loss will typically occur within the first four to five months.

Is this considered a long-term treatment?

Many patients ask, “Do I have to be on this medication for the rest of my life?” The goal is not for it to be used as a long-term treatment. There is great success when lifestyle changes are part of the plan. Eating a healthy diet, practicing mindful eating, and engaging in physical activity can help to contribute to a healthy metabolism during your treatment and after you stop taking the medication.

“We do not want patients to be on these drugs forever. It’s a great way to get the weight off – but it is not for long term maintenance. This is a tool to help you get started. Long term maintenance is diet, exercise and lifestyle changes,” said Dr. Vemulapalli.

There is a potential to regain some of the lost weight when you stop using a GLP-1. However, those chances decrease when you embrace healthy habits and work with a health care provider to transition off the medication safely.

What are the success rates for these medications?

On average a person on a GLP-1 medication can lose up to 12% of their body weight. This can vary based on each individual and their response to the medication. It also depends on their adherence to their treatment plan as well as incorporating a nutritional diet and physical activity.

Is GLP-1 medication right for me?

GLP-1 medications have the potential to provide broad health benefits beyond weight loss including heart and liver health. Research studies have recently associated these drugs with additional benefits to neurological and behavioral health, including reducing seizures and substance addiction.

If you are considering using a GLP-1 for weight loss, it is important to consult with your health care provider. After a thorough evaluation, they can offer advice, help you set realistic goals, and start on a safe weight-loss journey. Get started on your own weight loss journey with a Catholic Health Weight Loss Program.

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Find a Catholic Health doctor near you. Or call 866-MY-LI-DOC (866-695-4362).

October 24, 2025

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