Protecting Your Eyes from UV Rays All Year Round

When it comes to protecting your eyes from the sun, most people think of the warm, summer months. However, your eyes are at risk of damage all year long. Ultraviolet (UV) light comes from the sun and artificial sources like tanning beds or lasers, and in addition to sunburn, it can cause eye damage.

The risk of UV damage does not decrease during the cooler seasons or cloudy weather, so whether you are taking a walk on a cool autumn day or skiing in the winter months, harmful UV rays can still damage your eyes. It is important to take daily precautions to protect your eyes during every season.

Ultraviolet Rays Can Damage the Eyes

Ultraviolet radiation is a form of non-ionizing radiation that is emitted by the sun. There are benefits to the exposure of natural sunlight, including the production of vitamin D, a vital nutrient. However, overexposure to UV rays can be harmful to your skin as well as your eyes.

UV light more easily penetrates eye tissues than visible light. Increased exposure to UV rays from the sun can increase your risk of eye disease and other eye related problems. These may include:

Pinguecula – A protein and fat deposit in the white part (sclera) of the eye. It causes irritation and may affect tear production.
Pterygium – A growth that forms in the eye. As it grows larger, it can affect vision.
Cataracts – The lens of the eye becomes cloudy. Over time, cataracts can make vision blurry.
Cancers of the eyelid including basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Macular Degeneration – Some studies suggest that that prolonged, unprotected sun exposure may be a risk factor for age related macular degeneration (AMD).

People who are on certain medications including tetracycline, fluorouracil, sulfa drugs, birth control pills, and certain antibiotics have a higher risk of sun damage to the their eyes and skin. These medications may cause a condition known as photosensitivity.

“While UV rays can have immediate effects on the eyes, they can also cause cumulative damage linked to eye problems later in life including cataracts, macular degeneration, tumors and eye disease.”

Panagiotis Pagonis, MD, Catholic Health Physician

How to Protect Your Eyes from UV Rays

You can protect your eyes from sun damage and harmful UV rays by following these simple tips:

• Wear a hat with a brim of at least three inches all around to shield your eyes and eyelids from UV rays.

• Wear the right sunglasses – Choose sunglasses that provide 100% UV or UV400 protection or glasses that block both UV-A and UV-B rays.

• For added protection - Big sunglasses offer more protection and wrap-around glasses provide even more protection as they prevent light from getting in through the sides.

• Check your medications to see if they cause photosensitivity. If you are unsure, ask your doctor or pharmacist. • Consider the shade – When you stay out of the sun, you instantly reduce the risk of eye damage.

• Never look directly at the sun. It can burn the eye’s retina and damage vision. This condition is called solar retinopathy. Although rare, the damage is irreversible.

• Avoid tanning beds, they emit harmful UV rays.

Protect Your Eyes during Every Season

Spring and Summer: During these seasons the UV rays are stronger and there are more hours of daylight so wearing sunglasses is a must.

Fall and Winter: Harmful UV rays can reflect off snow, ice, and water - which amplifies exposure. Wear sunglasses every day when you are outside.

Remember, clouds don't block UV light. The sun's damaging rays can pass through clouds, so wear sunglasses, even on overcast days.

Be Proactive

It is important to have your eyes checked regularly by a doctor. They may be able to detect the early signs of any eye damage before any symptoms appear. If you have symptoms of eye pain, swelling, or vision loss you should make an appointment with your primary care physician or an eye specialist as soon as possible. By following these simple tips, you and your family can safely enjoy the sun and outdoors. Making eye protection part of your daily routine is the key to healthy vision all year round.

Find Care at Catholic Health

Find a Catholic Health doctor near you. Or call 866-MY-LI-DOC (866-695-4362).

June 29, 2025

What can we help you find?