Is Colorectal Cancer on the Rise in Young Adults?

Why Younger Adults Now Face Greater Risk

Researchers continue to study why colorectal cancer is on the rise. We do not have an exact reason. Some have suggested poor diet and nutrition, lack of exercise and the increase in obesity rates. “But I have seen patients in their 30s, considered healthy with little to no risk for colorectal cancer, being diagnosed,” Dr. Birnstein said.

This uncertainty reinforces why awareness matters — even for people who feel healthy. Many younger adults juggle work, family, school and financial priorities, and preventive care is not a priority. Young people may think their age exempts them from routine exams and screenings. Maybe they do not have a primary care physician. But the data show they should be vigilant about their health and talk to a physician about preventive care.

Why Early Detection Saves Lives

The most concerning part of this trend is not just who gets diagnosed — but when. Dr. Birnstein added, “My concern for young adults is the diagnosis at later stages when the cancer is more advanced.”

That delay often stems from waiting too long to get care — after symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding or changes in bowel movements — have already started.

Beyond the physical impact, the emotional toll can feel overwhelming and life-altering. Young people tend to be at the start of their careers, building families and social networks, and becoming financially stable. A cancer diagnosis quickly changes plans and goals.

Yet early treatment changes outcomes. “If we catch cancer early, then we have a higher likelihood of treating it successfully,” said Dr. Birnstein.

Steps That May Reduce Colon Cancer Risk

No plan can remove risk entirely. Still, daily habits can support long-term health and may lower the chance of cancer. Creating a solid foundation for good health at a young age can make a difference as you age.

Dr. Birnstein encourages patients to exercise regularly, eat a well-balanced diet, reduce stress and not smoke. These steps do not replace medical care. They support it.

The Role of Family History and Genetics

For some people, risk does not come from lifestyle. Instead, it comes from family history, which is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer. Typically, genetic testing is recommended for those with a strong family history, especially if a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, was diagnosed with colorectal cancer or advanced polyps.

Genetic counseling will evaluate if a person has specific gene mutations that may increase their risk of cancer. Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer. People with Lynch syndrome are at increased risk for colorectal cancer and other cancers when young, typically before age 50.

When Should You Start Screening for Colon Cancer?

Current guidelines recommend that adults at average risk begin screening at age 45. That change reflects growing awareness of colorectal cancer in younger populations and strong evidence that early detection saves lives.

At the same time, physicians now see patients in their 20s, 30s and early 40s receive this diagnosis. That reality can feel confusing — especially when routine screening does not begin at those ages. That is why younger adults should not ignore symptoms or family history.

People with higher risk — such as a strong family history, inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic conditions — may need testing earlier and more often. Others may require diagnostic testing, even if they fall below the screening age, based on symptoms or clinical judgment. This approach helps physicians protect people who need early care — without putting others through tests they may not need.

Which Screenings Can Detect Colorectal Cancer?

Many people assume colonoscopy is the only option. While it remains the gold standard, several screening tools now exist.

Some patients may qualify for stool-based tests, however, not everyone is a candidate. Also, a positive stool test result would then require a diagnostic colonoscopy. What matters most is that screening works.

Colon Cancer Symptoms in Young Adults

Many young adults wonder whether a certain change in their body is normal — or worth checking out. Paying attention to symptoms can feel stressful, but it is one of the most important ways to protect your health. Contact your physician if you notice:

• A change in bowel habits
• Ongoing fatigue
• Persistent abdominal pain
• Rectal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss

Even mild or vague symptoms deserve attention. Age alone should never serve as reassurance. If you have symptoms, questions about risk or concerns about colon cancer under age 50, now is the right time to talk with your primary care physician or a gastroenterologist. Learn more about Gastroenterology Services at Catholic Health.